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Plural and adjective agreement

Add -s or -es for the plural; articles and adjectives agree with the noun in gender and number.

Level A1los libros · las casas blancas · ciudades

Everything agrees

When a noun becomes plural, everything that goes with it changes too: the article and the adjective agree with the noun in gender and number.

la casa blanca → las casas blancas

Adjectives usually come after the noun: un libro rojo (a red book).

Plural of nouns

The singular ends inPluralExamples
a vowel+ -scasa → casas, libro → libros, café → cafés
a consonant+ -esciudad → ciudades, flor → flores, mes → meses
-z-z → -ceslápiz → lápices, vez → veces
an unstressed -es or -isno changeel lunes → los lunes, el martes → los martes

Accent marks in the plural

The stress stays on the same syllable, so the accent mark may disappear or appear:

  • canción → canciones, inglés → ingleses
  • examen → exámenes, joven → jóvenes

Articles

GenderSingularPlural
masculineel libro, un librolos libros, unos libros
femininela casa, una casalas casas, unas casas

Adjectives

EndingMasc. singularFem. singularMasc. pluralFem. plural
-oaltoaltaaltosaltas
-egrandegrandegrandesgrandes
consonantazulazulazulesazules
nationality in a consonantespañolespañolaespañolesespañolas

Mixed groups

For a group of masculine and feminine nouns, use the masculine plural: Pedro y Ana son altos. So los padres means “the parents” and los hermanos can mean “brothers and sisters”.

unos and unas mean “some, a few”: unas flores.

Examples

  • Tengo dos hermanas simpáticas.I have two nice sisters.
  • Los libros nuevos están en la mesa.The new books are on the table.
  • Hay unas flores rojas en el jardín.There are some red flowers in the garden.
  • Las ciudades grandes son caras.Big cities are expensive.
  • Tomás y Lucía son mexicanos.Tomás and Lucía are Mexican.A mixed group takes the masculine plural.
  • Necesito dos lápices azules.I need two blue pencils.
  • Los exámenes son los lunes.The exams are on Mondays.exámenes gets an accent mark; lunes does not change.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong: las casas blancoRight: ✓ las casas blancasThe adjective agrees with casas: feminine plural.
  • Wrong: las florsRight: ✓ las floresAfter a consonant, add -es.
  • Wrong: los lápizesRight: ✓ los lápices-z becomes -ces in the plural.
  • Wrong: las canciónesRight: ✓ las cancionesWith the extra syllable the stress falls naturally, so the mark disappears.

Try it

Three questions on this rule. Small slips are forgiven, as in the app.

Question 1 of 3
Hay cuatro   en la mesa.There are four glasses on the table.(vaso)

Related rules

Articles and noun genderStress and accent marksPossessive determinersComparatives and superlatives

Where you learn it

Things and numbers Spanish A1–A2

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