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Present perfect

Haber + past participle for experiences and the recent past: he hablado, has comido.

Level A2he hablado · has comido · hemos visto

What it is

The present perfect (pretérito perfecto) links the past with the present. It is the present of haber + a past participle: he hablado, has comido.

It is used:

  • for life experiences, with no specific time: ¿Has estado en México?
  • with nunca, alguna vez and todavía no: Todavía no he terminado.
  • in Spain, also for events of today and this week (see the note below).

Haber + participle

PersonhaberExample
yohehe hablado
túhashas comido
él / ella / ustedhaha vivido
nosotros / nosotrashemoshemos hablado
vosotros / vosotrasSpainhabéishabéis comido
ellos / ellas / ustedeshanhan vivido

Past participle

InfinitiveParticiple
hablarhablado
comercomido
vivirvivido
hacerhecho
decirdicho
vervisto
escribirescrito
volvervuelto
ponerpuesto
abrirabierto
romperroto

Examples

  • ¿Has estado en México alguna vez?Have you ever been to Mexico?
  • Nunca he comido pulpo.I have never eaten octopus.
  • Mis padres nunca han viajado en avión.My parents have never traveled by plane.
  • Todavía no he terminado el libro.I haven't finished the book yet.
  • Hoy he trabajado mucho.SpainI've worked a lot today.
  • Hoy trabajé mucho.Latin AmericaI worked a lot today.In Latin America the preterite is usual for today.
  • ¿Qué habéis hecho este fin de semana?SpainWhat have you all done this weekend?

Common mistakes

  • Wrong: Ayer he comido paella.Right: ✓ Ayer comí paella.Ayer is a finished time: preterite, in Spain too.
  • Wrong: Tengo visto esa película.Right: ✓ He visto esa película.English “have” here is haber, not tener.
  • Wrong: He escribido una carta.Right: ✓ He escrito una carta.Escribir has an irregular participle: escrito.
  • Wrong: Ellas han comidas.Right: ✓ Ellas han comido.After haber the participle does not agree.

Try it

Three questions on this rule. Small slips are forgiven, as in the app.

Question 1 of 3
Choose the correct form.¿Tú   estado alguna vez en México?

Related rules

Present tense: regular -er and -ir verbsPreterite: regular verbsPreterite: irregular verbsObject pronouns

Where you learn it

Work and nature Spanish A1–A2

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