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Obligation: tener que, hay que

Say what someone has to do (tener que), what has to be done in general (hay que) and what is not necessary (no tener que).

Level A1tengo que · hay que · no tengo que

I have to: tener que

To say that someone has to do something, use tener que + infinitive: Tengo que trabajar. (I have to work.)

  • tener changes with the person: tengo, tienes, tiene…
  • que is always there and never changes.
  • the second verb stays in the infinitive: trabajar, limpiar, barrer.

Forms of tener que

Persontener que + infinitive
yotengo que trabajar
tútienes que trabajar
él / ella / ustedtiene que trabajar
nosotros / nosotrastenemos que trabajar
vosotros / vosotrasSpaintenéis que trabajar
ellos / ellas / ustedestienen que trabajar

One has to: hay que

hay que + infinitive says what has to be done in general, without saying who: Hay que limpiar la cocina. (The kitchen has to be cleaned.) Para aprender español, hay que estudiar. (To learn Spanish, you have to study.)

hay que never changes and has no subject: not yo hay que, but tengo que.

Not necessary: no tener que

Put no before tener: No tengo que trabajar el sábado. means “I don't have to work on Saturday”: it isn't necessary, it's my day off. It does not mean that something is forbidden.

With reflexive verbs

With a reflexive verb, the pronoun goes at the end of the infinitive and matches the person: Tengo que levantarme temprano. ¿Tienes que ducharte? In general: Hay que levantarse temprano.

The pronoun can also go before tener: Me tengo que levantar temprano. Both are correct.

Examples

  • Tengo que trabajar mañana.I have to work tomorrow.
  • ¿Tienes que estudiar esta noche?Do you (informal) have to study tonight?
  • Mi madre tiene que estar en la oficina a las ocho.My mother has to be at the office at eight.
  • Los sábados hay que barrer, ordenar la casa y regar las plantas.On Saturdays you have to sweep, tidy up the house and water the plants.
  • Hoy es domingo y no tenemos que levantarnos temprano.Today is Sunday and we don't have to get up early.
  • Ustedes tienen que cuidar a los niños.You all have to take care of the children.
  • Hay que lavar los platos después de comer.The dishes have to be washed after eating.
  • Vosotros tenéis que poner la mesa.SpainYou all (informal, Spain) have to lay the table.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong: Tengo trabajar.Right: ✓ Tengo que trabajar.tener needs que before the infinitive.
  • Wrong: Tengo que trabajo.Right: ✓ Tengo que trabajar.After que the verb stays in the infinitive.
  • Wrong: Tengo de trabajar.Right: ✓ Tengo que trabajar.Spanish uses que here, never de.
  • Wrong: Yo hay que estudiar.Right: ✓ Yo tengo que estudiar.hay que has no person; for “I have to”, say tengo que.
  • Wrong: Tengo que levantarse.Right: ✓ Tengo que levantarme.The pronoun matches the person: yo → -me.

Try it

Three questions on this rule. Small slips are forgiven, as in the app.

Question 1 of 3
Tengo   trabajar el sábado.I have to work on Saturday.

Related rules

Present tense: irregular verbsEstar and hayReflexive verbsNear future: ir a + infinitiveTelling the time

Where you learn it

My week: time and duties Spanish A1–A2

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